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The Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery, normally referred to as the Royal Australian Artillery (RAA), is a Regiment of the Australian Army descended from the original colonial artillery units prior to Australia's federation. Australia’s first guns were landed from and a small earthen redoubt built, near the present day Macquarie Place, to command the approaches to Sydney Cove. The deployment of these guns represents the origins of artillery in Australia. These and subsequent defences, as well as field guns, were operated by marines and the soldiers of infantry regiments stationed in Australia. The first Royal Artillery unit arrived in Australia in 1856 and began a succession of gunner units which ended with the withdrawal of the imperial forces in 1870 resulting in the raising of the Victorian Artillery Corps in Melbourne in 1870 and the New South Wales Artillery in Sydney in 1871. The First World War saw the raising of 60 field, 20 howitzer and two siege batteries along with the heavy and medium trench mortar batteries. Until 19 September 1962 the Australian Artillery was referred to as the 'Royal Australian Artillery', however on this date HM Queen Elizabeth II granted the RAA the title of the 'Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery'. The Regiment today consists of Regular and Reserve units. ==Regular Army== Unlike their British and Canadian relations, there are no regiments of horse artillery in the order of battle of the Royal Australian Artillery. The Australian Regular Army came into being in 1947, while prior to this artillery units were predominantly militia based. The one permanent artillery unit was 'A' Field Battery which perpetuates the New South Wales Artillery raised on 1 August 1871. Prior to the Second World War heavy artillery, later called coast artillery,coast artillery units were established at strategic locations around the coastline, however these were progressively phased out by 1962. During the Second World War, the RAA raised in excess of 70 regiments of field, medium, anti-tank, anti-aircraft and survey artillery, and in excess of 100 anti-aircraft and coast artillery batteries with their attendant anti-aircraft group or fire command headquarters in the fixed defences. Many saw action in the Middle East, Malaya and Southwest Pacific theatres, with two field regiments, one anti-tank regiment, one independent anti-tank battery, an anti-aircraft battery and two coast batteries being captured by the Japanese in Singapore, Ambon, Timor and New Britain. The present School of Artillery (completed in 1998) is located in Puckapunyal in central Victoria and maintains modern training facilities. The School of Artillery is co-located with the Australian Army's Headquarters Combined Arms Training Centre. 53 Battery, Royal Australian Artillery supports courses run by the School of Artillery. Major units of the Royal Australian Artillery include: *1st Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery – attached to the 7th Brigade at Enoggera Barracks in Queensland. * *Operations Support Battery * *104th Battery * *105th Battery * *114th Battery * *A Battery * *Combat Service Support Battery *4th Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery – attached to the 3rd Brigade at Townsville in Queensland. * *Operations Support Battery * *106th Battery * *108th Battery * *109th Battery * *107th Battery * *Combat Service Support Battery *8th/12th Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery – attached to the 1st Brigade at Palmerston in the Northern Territory. * *Operations Support Battery * *101st Battery * *102nd Battery * *115th Battery * *103rd Battery * *Combat Service Support Battery *16th Air Land Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery – is the Australian Army's sole air defence regiment, and is based at Woodside, South Australia. It's batteries are equipped with the RBS-70 Surface to Air missile, the Giraffe Agile Multi Beam radar and the AN/TPQ-48 Lightweight Counter Mortar Radar. It is attached to the (6th Brigade). * *110th Battery * *111th Battery * *1st Air Ground Operations Battery * *Combat Service Support Battery *20th Surveillance and Target Acquisition Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery – equipped with meteorology and survey troops and Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, it is located at Enoggera Barracks in Brisbane Queensland. * *131 Surveillance and Target Acquisition Battery * *132 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Battery * *Combat Service Support Battery 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Royal Australian Artillery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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